Media Industries: The Jungle Book 1967
Jungle Book was released in 1967 by Walt Disney productions, it was created at Walt Disney studios in California.
Disney's animation studio had been responsible for developing many of the techniques and ways of working that became standard practices of traditional cel animation, pioneering the art of storybording and developing the use of the multiplane to create an early 3D like effect. Disney's personal control of he whole studio affected all stages of production and distribution. Before production of The Jungle Book started, Disney had streamlined the whole production system.
Disney thought the first version of the script (original book written by Rudyard Kipling) was too dark for family audiences, that the audience would not be able to identify with the boy Mowgli, and that the villain, Shere Khan would be a cliche.
Disney gave Larry Clemmons, the new scriptwriter, a copy of Rudyard Kiplings novel and told him not to read it.
Disney always had the songs developing early on the creation process. Some characters were cut out during the development process.
The wolf cubs were based on the dogs from 101 dalmatians.
Backgrounds were hand-painted with the exception of the waterfall: mostly consisting of footage of the angel falls in Venezuela.
The Jungle Book was created on transparent 'cels', a technique patented by Earl Hurd in 1914.
The Jungle Book used xerography (like photocopying), copying the animators drawings onto a light-sensitive aluminium plate and then onto cels, unlike the old, painstaking hand-inking process, tracing them from their paper drawings.
cel animation was becoming too expensive and time consuming, JB was one of the last films that used it.
cel animation concepts:
- background layer
-hold cel/layer (character 1)
-hold cel/layer (character 2)
-animation cel/layer (mouths etc.)
The director: Wolfgang Reitherman
Documentary
-character development
-last animated film disney made himself
-Bill Petes had a skill in animating stories, using storyboards. He proposed the JB to Walt Disney.
-Bill Pete did a 40 person job alone
-Sword in the Stone was a flop before Jungle Book
-Walt Disney didn't want the film to be the same as the original book, he just wanted the characters to be engaging
-The voice casting was a significant element of the film as the characters were shaped around the actors and their voice.
Processes of a film:
-conception (the idea of the film)
-pre-production (storyboarding, casting, scriptwriting, funding)
-production (filming)
-post-production (editing, sound design)
-released (theatricle, straight to DVD, online, marketing)
Walt Disney was personally at the centre of most decision making.
He was interested in all stages of production and distribution
His company has diversified in the previous decade, developing theme parks, television series and live action films
Disney had become less hands-on with the animated feature production
Disney's own politics were rather conservative, right-wing and undoubtedly this affected their representations constructed within the film
JB was re-released in the US in 1978, 1984 and 1990 and in Europe throughout the 1980s
JB seemed to ignore the black civil rights movement of the 1960s, equating of black jazz music with the apish behaviour of the orangutan being a racial stereotype which has a significant difference with the 2016 JB where the orangutan is voiced by a white man, Christopher Walker
According to the Disney animator, Floyd Norman, 'we never thought in terms of making the Jungle Book a box office smash... if the picture was a flop and Walt was happy, then we were happy...'
The budget was $4 million but The Jungle Book has now made $141 million gross in the US (the 29th highest grossing film of all time in the US)
Walt Disney home entertainment released JB on VHS in 1991 (and the UK 1993) and on DVD in 2007
It was re-released several times on DVD and Blu-ray with extras or different packaging in order to pick up new buyers
Occasionally, Disney films are 'vaulted' meaning they are not available for purchase, which pushes demand
The original vinyl soundtrack from JB was the first record to achieve gold status in the USA from an animated feature film
Disney produced a live action version in 1994 and an animated sequel, The Jungle Book 2, in 200
As a company, disney was already vertically integrated (owning every stage of production)
Disney produced films at its own studios and distributed them via its wholly owned by Buena Vista Distribution Company
It handled theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by Walt Disney
After Disney's death the company began to decline for a couple of decades, strongly indicating his personal influence and personal success
Copyright:
The Copyright term extension act of 1998 extended copyright terms in the US. It is one of the several acts extending the terms of copyright. Following the copyright act of 1997, copyright would last the life of the author plus another 50 years, or 75 when working as a corporate authorship. The 1998 act extended the terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or 95 years after publication. copyright protection for works published before January, 1978, was increased by 20 years to a total of 95 years from their publication date.
This law, known as the the Sonny Bono Copyright Term extension act or the Mickey Mouse Protection Act effectively 'froze' the advancement date of the public domain in the US for works covered by the older fixed term copyright rules. Under this act, works made in 1923 or afterwards that were still protected by copyright 1998 will not enter the public domain in 2019 or later. Mickey Mouse specifically will be in a public domain until 2024 or afterwards, depending on the date of the product. Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension. The legislation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, this lead detractors to the nickname, 'The Mickey Mouse Protection Act'. Copyright legally protects the author's works, and as a result is vital. According to the US government, 'Copyright is a form of protection grounded in the US. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression.'
The Jungle Book 1967 is certified as a U. Disney was highly aware of how to build and maintain audiences nationally and globally, from the shaping of the original product to appeal more to a family audience, the marketing and distribution by its own company, merchandising etc.
Regulation:
Disney was aware of how to build and maintain audiences nationally and globally., form the shaping of the original product to appeal to more family audiences,the marketing and distribution by its own company, merchandising etc.
Disney was an early master of synergy, persuading companies to tie in with their film's releases, running a character merchandising department. Walt Disney developed synergy between media consumption and theme park visits in the 1950s. Visiting Disneyland helped secure customers brand loyalty to the Disney trademark for the future. This strategy of cross promotion has become a basis for the Walt Disney Company's rapid growth.
Disney constantly renewed interest in their products not only through re-releases on DVD but through tie ins with other companies i.e. MacDonalds had The Jungle Book 2 happy meals in the 1990s which also promoted the first film. "Disney offers an immense potential for both cross promotional strategies... cross promotion - marketing activities carried out in cooperation by two different companies using the popularity of their brand names to promote one another's..."
Disney also licensed the characters for use by other companies, like virgin who developed Jungle Book video games for Sega, Gameboy and PC in the early 1990s.
Cross Promotion of The Jungle Book:
-Jungle Book happy meal
-Jungle Book Puzzle eurographicskids
-Jungle Book Technocolour
-NES Jungle Book game
-Toywiz funko pop characters
-Sega Jungle Book game
-Merchandise (clothing etc.)
Disney's animation studio had been responsible for developing many of the techniques and ways of working that became standard practices of traditional cel animation, pioneering the art of storybording and developing the use of the multiplane to create an early 3D like effect. Disney's personal control of he whole studio affected all stages of production and distribution. Before production of The Jungle Book started, Disney had streamlined the whole production system.
Disney thought the first version of the script (original book written by Rudyard Kipling) was too dark for family audiences, that the audience would not be able to identify with the boy Mowgli, and that the villain, Shere Khan would be a cliche.
Disney gave Larry Clemmons, the new scriptwriter, a copy of Rudyard Kiplings novel and told him not to read it.
Disney always had the songs developing early on the creation process. Some characters were cut out during the development process.
The wolf cubs were based on the dogs from 101 dalmatians.
Backgrounds were hand-painted with the exception of the waterfall: mostly consisting of footage of the angel falls in Venezuela.
The Jungle Book was created on transparent 'cels', a technique patented by Earl Hurd in 1914.
The Jungle Book used xerography (like photocopying), copying the animators drawings onto a light-sensitive aluminium plate and then onto cels, unlike the old, painstaking hand-inking process, tracing them from their paper drawings.
cel animation was becoming too expensive and time consuming, JB was one of the last films that used it.
cel animation concepts:
- background layer
-hold cel/layer (character 1)
-hold cel/layer (character 2)
-animation cel/layer (mouths etc.)
The director: Wolfgang Reitherman
Documentary
-character development
-last animated film disney made himself
-Bill Petes had a skill in animating stories, using storyboards. He proposed the JB to Walt Disney.
-Bill Pete did a 40 person job alone
-Sword in the Stone was a flop before Jungle Book
-Walt Disney didn't want the film to be the same as the original book, he just wanted the characters to be engaging
-The voice casting was a significant element of the film as the characters were shaped around the actors and their voice.
Processes of a film:
-conception (the idea of the film)
-pre-production (storyboarding, casting, scriptwriting, funding)
-production (filming)
-post-production (editing, sound design)
-released (theatricle, straight to DVD, online, marketing)
Walt Disney was personally at the centre of most decision making.
He was interested in all stages of production and distribution
His company has diversified in the previous decade, developing theme parks, television series and live action films
Disney had become less hands-on with the animated feature production
Disney's own politics were rather conservative, right-wing and undoubtedly this affected their representations constructed within the film
JB was re-released in the US in 1978, 1984 and 1990 and in Europe throughout the 1980s
JB seemed to ignore the black civil rights movement of the 1960s, equating of black jazz music with the apish behaviour of the orangutan being a racial stereotype which has a significant difference with the 2016 JB where the orangutan is voiced by a white man, Christopher Walker
According to the Disney animator, Floyd Norman, 'we never thought in terms of making the Jungle Book a box office smash... if the picture was a flop and Walt was happy, then we were happy...'
The budget was $4 million but The Jungle Book has now made $141 million gross in the US (the 29th highest grossing film of all time in the US)
Walt Disney home entertainment released JB on VHS in 1991 (and the UK 1993) and on DVD in 2007
It was re-released several times on DVD and Blu-ray with extras or different packaging in order to pick up new buyers
Occasionally, Disney films are 'vaulted' meaning they are not available for purchase, which pushes demand
The original vinyl soundtrack from JB was the first record to achieve gold status in the USA from an animated feature film
Disney produced a live action version in 1994 and an animated sequel, The Jungle Book 2, in 200
As a company, disney was already vertically integrated (owning every stage of production)
Disney produced films at its own studios and distributed them via its wholly owned by Buena Vista Distribution Company
It handled theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by Walt Disney
After Disney's death the company began to decline for a couple of decades, strongly indicating his personal influence and personal success
Copyright:
The Copyright term extension act of 1998 extended copyright terms in the US. It is one of the several acts extending the terms of copyright. Following the copyright act of 1997, copyright would last the life of the author plus another 50 years, or 75 when working as a corporate authorship. The 1998 act extended the terms to life of the author plus 70 years and for works of corporate authorship to 120 years after creation or 95 years after publication. copyright protection for works published before January, 1978, was increased by 20 years to a total of 95 years from their publication date.
This law, known as the the Sonny Bono Copyright Term extension act or the Mickey Mouse Protection Act effectively 'froze' the advancement date of the public domain in the US for works covered by the older fixed term copyright rules. Under this act, works made in 1923 or afterwards that were still protected by copyright 1998 will not enter the public domain in 2019 or later. Mickey Mouse specifically will be in a public domain until 2024 or afterwards, depending on the date of the product. Since 1990, The Walt Disney Company had lobbied for copyright extension. The legislation delayed the entry into the public domain of the earliest Mickey Mouse movies, this lead detractors to the nickname, 'The Mickey Mouse Protection Act'. Copyright legally protects the author's works, and as a result is vital. According to the US government, 'Copyright is a form of protection grounded in the US. Constitution and granted by law for original works of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression.'
The Jungle Book 1967 is certified as a U. Disney was highly aware of how to build and maintain audiences nationally and globally, from the shaping of the original product to appeal more to a family audience, the marketing and distribution by its own company, merchandising etc.
Regulation:
Disney was aware of how to build and maintain audiences nationally and globally., form the shaping of the original product to appeal to more family audiences,the marketing and distribution by its own company, merchandising etc.
Disney was an early master of synergy, persuading companies to tie in with their film's releases, running a character merchandising department. Walt Disney developed synergy between media consumption and theme park visits in the 1950s. Visiting Disneyland helped secure customers brand loyalty to the Disney trademark for the future. This strategy of cross promotion has become a basis for the Walt Disney Company's rapid growth.
Disney constantly renewed interest in their products not only through re-releases on DVD but through tie ins with other companies i.e. MacDonalds had The Jungle Book 2 happy meals in the 1990s which also promoted the first film. "Disney offers an immense potential for both cross promotional strategies... cross promotion - marketing activities carried out in cooperation by two different companies using the popularity of their brand names to promote one another's..."
Disney also licensed the characters for use by other companies, like virgin who developed Jungle Book video games for Sega, Gameboy and PC in the early 1990s.
Cross Promotion of The Jungle Book:-Jungle Book happy meal
-Jungle Book Puzzle eurographicskids
-Jungle Book Technocolour
-NES Jungle Book game
-Toywiz funko pop characters
-Sega Jungle Book game
-Merchandise (clothing etc.)
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